Choose a buffer based on your pH requirements as well as the pKa, a measure of acid strength that accounts for pH, concentration, and temperature. Regulatory or purity needs for your exact application should also be considered. The following tables can help you navigate preparation of many ...
Tissue engineering has become a key therapeutic tool in the treatment of damaged or diseased organs and tissues, such as blood vessels and urinary bladders. Nonetheless, major challenges still need to be overcome, in particular the construction of tissues with high cell densities and the ...
One of the desirable end-goals of materials science research is the development of multi-functional materials. These materials are defined as compositions that bring more than one property enhancement to a particular application, thus allowing the material to replace more than one other material ...
Conjugated polymers featuring extended p-electron delocalization exhibit properties akin to processable organic "metals" when doped and function as semiconducting materials in their neutral, undoped state. Numerous undoped polymers demonstrate strong photoluminescence (PL) within the visible and ...
Modification on RNA molecules, such as 5-methylcytidine(m5C), 7-methylguanosine(m7G), Pseudouridine(Ψ) and N6- methyladenosine(m6A) can regulate the activity of the corresponding small RNA in different biological processes and play a key role in pathological processes.
Conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polythiophene and polyfluorenes are now much in the spotlight for their applications in organic electronics and optoelectronics. Such materials are used, for example, in making organic thin-film transistors and light-emitting diodes. Here, we present a ...
Gel electrophoresis is a common laboratory technique in molecular biology to identify, quantify, and purify nucleic acids. Because of its speed, simplicity, and versatility, the method is widely employed for separation and analysis of nucleic acids. Using gel electrophoresis, nucleic acids in ...
Si microelectronics has been the engine of modern information technology for almost 50 years. In the everlasting quest to process more and more data at faster speeds, while using the smallest components, the Si industry has successfully overcome many critical issues. The next critical challenge ...
